Work and sustainability in last-mile logistics:
the experience of women bicycle couriers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21710/rch.v40i2.830Keywords:
last-mile logistics, women bicycle couriers , gender , platform work , sustainabilityAbstract
The expansion of e-commerce and digital platforms has reshaped the organization of urban deliveries and heightened the importance of the last mile in distribution chains. Within this context, the bicycle emerges as an active mobility mode that can reduce reliance on motorized vehicles for short urban trips, while simultaneously functioning as a work tool subject to costs, risks, and physical demands. This article examines the experiences of female couriers who use bicycles in last-mile operations mediated by digital platforms, focusing on gender challenges, working conditions, and the environmental and social dimensions of sustainability. The study adopts a qualitative approach, drawing on semi-structured interviews conducted with ten couriers working in the metropolitan region of São Paulo between March and April 2026. The interview guide addressed professional trajectories, work organization, remuneration, algorithmic management, gender, urban safety, physical effort, family responsibilities, support networks, and future perspectives. Findings reveal urban insecurity, harassment, limited cycling infrastructure, maintenance costs, physical strain, income instability, dependence on platforms, and difficulties reconciling paid work with domestic responsibilities. The analysis further demonstrates that the environmental sustainability associated with bicycle use does not, in itself, ensure social sustainability of labor. It is argued that last-mile logistics assessments must simultaneously consider environmental performance, mobility, safety, labor conditions, and gender relations. The study contributes to bridging debates on sustainable urban logistics, platform economies, and the sexual division of labor, highlighting implications for public policy, infrastructure, and management practices.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Cristina Arata, Kelly Capana, Fernanda Braga, Alexandre Formigoni

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